Add site-wide styling

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Now that you have a styled About page, it’s time to add some global styles for the rest of your site!

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Apply styles globally

Add a global stylesheet

You have seen that the Astro <style> tag is scoped by default, meaning that it only affects the elements in its own file.

There are a few ways to define styles globally in Astro, but in this tutorial, you will create and import a global.css file into each of your pages. This combination of stylesheet and <style> tag gives you the ability to control some styles site-wide, and to apply some specific styles exactly where you want them.

Create a new file at the location src/styles/global.css (You’ll have to create a styles folder first.)

Copy the following code into your new file, global.css

html {
  background-color: #f1f5f9;
  font-family: sans-serif;
}

body {
  margin: 0 auto;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 80ch;
  padding: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

h1 {
  margin: 1rem 0;
  font-size: 2.5rem;
}

In about.astro, add the following import statement to your frontmatter:

---
import '../styles/global.css';

const pageTitle = "About Me";

const identity = {
  firstName: "Sarah",
  country: "Canada",
  occupation: "Technical Writer",
  hobbies: ["photography", "birdwatching", "baseball"],
};

const skills = ["HTML", "CSS", "JavaScript", "React", "Astro", "Writing Docs"];

const happy = true;
const finished = false;
const goal = 3;

const skillColor = "navy";
const fontWeight = "bold";
const textCase = "uppercase";
---

Check the browser preview of your About page, and you should now see new styles applied!

Try it yourself - Import your global stylesheet

Add the necessary line of code to each .astro file in your project to apply your global styles to every page of your site.

✅ Show me the code! ✅

Add the following import statement to the two other page files: src/pages/index.astro and src/pages/blog.astro

---
import '../styles/global.css';
---

Make any changes or additions you want to the content of your About page by adding HTML elements to the page template, either statically or dynamically. Write any additional JavaScript in your frontmatter script to provide you with values to use in your HTML. When you are happy with this page, commit your changes to GitHub before moving on to the next lesson.

Analyze the Pattern

Your About page is now styled using both the imported global.css file and a <style> tag.

Are styles from both styling methods being applied?

Yes
Are there any conflicting styles, and if so, which are applied?

Yes, <h1> has a size of 2.5rem globally, but 4rem locally in the <style> tag. The local 4rem rule is applied on the About page.
Describe how global.css and <style> work together.

When conflicting styles are defined both globally and in a page’s local <style> tag, the local styles should overwrite any global styles. (But, there can be other factors involved, so always visually inspect your site to make sure your styles are properly applied!)
How would you choose whether to declare a style in a global.css file or a <style> tag?

If you want a style to be applied site-wide, you would choose to use a global.css file. However, if you want styles to apply to only the HTML content in a single .astro file, and not affect other elements on your site, you would choose a <style> tag.

Checklist

I can add global CSS styles by importing a .css file.